There are generally two main types of dry eye conditions:

Evaporative Dry Eye (EDE)

Evaporative dry eye, the most prevalent type, occurs when the eyes generate enough tears, but these tears evaporate too quickly, leading to dryness.

A common cause of this is an issue with the meibomian glands, which may become blocked, reducing the oil layer in the tear film that helps retain moisture.

Symptoms of evaporative dry eye may include:

• Dry or itchy eyes
• Redness
• Burning sensation
• Eye fatigue
• Puffy eyelids
• Sensitivity to light
• Crust formation around the eyes
• Excessive tearing

Aqueous Deficient Dry Eye

Another form of dry eye results from a deficiency in tear production. This happens when the lacrimal glands cannot produce sufficient tears to maintain eye moisture.

Potential causes of reduced tear production include:

• Sjögren’s syndrome, an autoimmune condition affecting the eyes and salivary glands
• Inflammation or malfunction of the lacrimal glands
• Blockages in the lacrimal ducts
• Use of medications like decongestants or antihistamines

Symptoms associated with ADDE include:

• Persistent dry eye
• Eye redness
• Irritation or gritty feeling
• Eye fatigue
• Light sensitivity
• Watery eyes

In some cases, unilateral dry eye arises from physical blockages of the lacrimal glands unrelated to Sjögren’s syndrome.

Occasionally, symptoms appear in only one eye even when both are affected. Additionally, certain surgeries, such as LASIK or cataract procedures, may contribute to dry eye symptoms.

 

Treatment for Dry Eyes

The appropriate treatment for dry eyes depends on the underlying cause. When dry eyes are linked to lacrimal gland issues, a doctor can recommend suitable therapies based on your eye condition.

For dry eyes related to lifestyle or environmental factors, home care can help manage the condition. Treatment options include:

• Using eye drops
• Applying pressure on the meibomian glands
• Warm compresses and eyelid massage
• Avoiding dry or windy environments
• Utilizing a humidifier to reduce air dryness
• Minimizing screen time
• Cleaning eyelids with gentle soap or eye-specific products
• Using specialty contact lenses
• Doctor-recommended procedures like irradiation or surgery

Dry eye can affect one or both eyes. Single-eye dryness is rare and often due to a tear gland disorder.